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UÇKHistory and Memory

1991 · 1989–1995

The parallel education system

From the early 1990s, after Albanian pupils and teachers were shut out of school and university buildings, Albanian-language teaching continued for years in private houses and improvised premises, funded largely by local and diaspora contributions.
Evidence status: Documented. Supported by contemporaneous documents, institutional reports or independent studies that corroborate one another.Before the warPeaceful resistance

The system was part of the “parallel state” of peaceful resistance [1] [2]. Oral History Kosovo testimonies, such as that of the teacher Selim Krasniqi, describe home gymnasiums, police harassment and families' support [3].

Sources

  1. [1]Fred Abrahams, Benjamin Ward. Under Orders: War Crimes in Kosovo. 2001-10-26. https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/kosovo/. Accessed 2026-09-16.
  2. [2]Howard Clark. Civil Resistance in Kosovo. Pluto Press, 2000-08-20. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt18fsc6d. Accessed 2026-09-16.
  3. [3]Oral History Kosovo (Kosovo Oral History Initiative), Prishtinë. Oral History Kosovo. https://oralhistorykosovo.org/about-us/. Accessed 2026-09-16.

Editorial status: Awaiting verificationDrafted from the cited sources; not yet fully reviewed by the editors.

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