Research articles
Research
Reçak · provat · KVM01
Reçak, 15 January 1999: what we know and how we know it
A case study in evidence, denial and the limits of international justice
The Reçak killings became a turning point in international diplomacy on Kosovo. This article clearly separates what was documented by the OSCE verification mission and human-rights organizations, the official Yugoslav version that disputed it, the forensic evidence and its limits, and the fact that no international judgment has ruled on individual criminal responsibility. It closes with the questions that remain open for research.
UÇK · terminologjia · diplomacia02
Terrorist, insurgent, liberation army: the labels applied to the KLA and their contexts
How Belgrade, diplomats, the Security Council, courts and scholars named the KLA — and why a label is not a timeless fact
In 1998–1999 the same organization was called "terrorist", "insurgent", "a party to the conflict" and "a liberation army". This article explains who used each label, when, in what context, and how the international position shifted within a few months. It separates political language from legal findings and academic analysis, and concludes with the principle that no label replaces evidence about the specific acts of individuals.
viktimat · metodologjia · të zhdukurit03
Names and numbers: how the victims of the Kosovo war are counted
The Kosovo Memory Book, HRDAG's evaluation and why the figures differ
How many people were killed in the Kosovo war has no simple answer. This article explains the Humanitarian Law Center's Kosovo Memory Book project, the importance of HRDAG's independent evaluation of its methodology, the definitions that determine who is counted, and why figures differ by period and source. It closes with the rules this archive follows: every figure with its source and date, no unverified lists, and no use of numbers to assign collective blame.
NATO · e drejta ndërkombëtare · viktimat civile04
Lawful or legitimate? The debate over NATO's 1999 intervention
The UN Charter, the humanitarian argument, civilian harm and the KLA's role in ending the war
NATO's air campaign against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia began without Security Council authorization. This article sets out the legal arguments for and against the intervention, the formula of the Independent International Commission on Kosovo, the civilian harm documented by Human Rights Watch, the ICTY Prosecutor's review, and the debate over what forced Belgrade to accept the terms — including the role of the KLA. The aim is not a single answer but a clear map of the arguments.